°¡½À±â »ì±ÕÁ¦ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä À¯Çع°ÁúÀÎ PHMG ºÐ¼®ÀÇ ¡°Golden Standard¡± - Bruker MALDI TOF(/TOF)!!
 
 

Result

Figure 2´Â maXisÀÇ high resolution, high accuracyÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú data¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

Figure 2. Maximum Entropy deconvoluted mass spectrum of an LC/MS run of intact E- coli proteins at the retention time of ca. 32 min. All co-eluting proteins in the mass range of 10 - 36 kDa are isotopically resolved. The experimental signal at 36 kDa (right inset) is in perfect agreement with the theoretical isotope pattern of this compound at a simulated resolution of 65,000.

Figure 3Àº IgGÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä heterogeneous glycosylation patternsÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â 2ppmÀ̳»·Î ³ôÀº Áú·® Á¤È®µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. glycosylation isoformÀº 162DaÀÇ ºÐÀÚ·® Â÷À̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç ÀÌ´Â galactose unitÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Figure 3. The mass spectrum before and after charge deconvolution applying the Maximum Entropy algorithm. The mass deviation between measured and theoretical mass is better than 2 ppm. The high resolving power of maXis rapidly identified heterogeneous glycosylation patterns; the major glycosylated species have been annotated.

maXis°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â high resolution data´Â »ùÇà Àüó¸® Áß »ý¼ºµÈ modificationÀÇ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µ¿Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Figure 4¿¡¼­ *·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â peak(=57Da·Î ½ÃÇÁÆ®µÈ ÇÇÅ©)´Â ¾Ëųȭ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ À¯·¡ µÈ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â °ú¾Ëųȭ ºÎ»ê¹°À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

Figure 4. Maximum Entropy deconvoluted spectrum of the released heavy chain of the human IgG1. Taking into account average atomic weights from organic sources, the calculated mass of the mass labeled glycosylation form is 51,068.88 Da, which deviates less than 2ppm from the measured mass. Annotated peaks labeled with * (peak shifts of 57 Da) represent chemical artifacts due to overalkylation.

¶ÇÇÑ, ºñ°øÀ¯°áÇÕÀ» °¡Áø ´Ü¹éÁú º¹ÇÕüµµ maXis·Î ºÐ¼® ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Figure 5¿¡¼­ IgG¿Í 25 kDaÀ» °¡Áö´Â ´Ù¸¥ ´Ü¹éÁú°£ÀÇ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. maXis´Â 1,000 ~ 7,000 m/z ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ ³ôÀº À̿ Åõ°úÀ²À» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç deconvoluted ½ºÆåÆ®·³¿¡¼­ 172 kDaÀÇ ºñ°øÀ¯°áÇÕÀ» °¡Áö´Â º¹ÇÕü°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â IgG¿Í ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ º¹ÇÕü¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Figure 5. Example of a study on a non-covalent complex formed by a monoclonal antibody and a protein of 25 kDa molecular weight. Protein signals appear in the wide m/z range of 1,000 - 7,000 (left), requiring a mass spectrometer with a high transmission in that range. After deconvolution (right) of the raw data, signals of both individual components as well as the entire complex at 172 kDa are observed. Samples are courtesy of CIPF (Centre d¡¯Immunologie Pierre Fabre).

Figure 6a´Â intact proteinÀÇ ETD¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ maXisÀÇ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. m/z 714À» °¡Áö´Â UbiquitinÀÇ +12 precursor ion(ºÐÀÚ·® 8565Da)ÀÌ quadrupole¿¡¼­ isolation µÇ°í reaction cell¿¡¼­ fragmentationµÇ¾ú´Ù. +6 ¹× +10ÀÇ ÀüÇÏ »óÅ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô ´ëÀüµÈ fragment ionÀ» °®´Â ETD ½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù. Figure 6a¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, ³ôÀº resolutionÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç peakµéÀÇ µ¿À§ ¿ø¼Ò patternÀ» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºÐÀÚ·®ÀÌ 831ÀÏ ¶§ resolutionÀº 40,000À¸·Î °è»êµÇ¾ú´Ù.

Figure 6b´Â mascot database search °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê ¼­¿­À» µ¿Á¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç (coverage ¾à 90 %), 8565 DaÀÇ precursor·Î ºÎÅÍ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç peptide fragmentationÀÌ °üÂûµÈ´Ù. UbiquitinÀº mascot¿¡¼­ score°¡ 343À¸·Î È®ÀεȴÙ. ¸ðµç fragmentation ionÀº ÃÖ´ë 8.5 kDaÀÇ Áú·® ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ ¡¾2.5 ppm À̳»ÀÇ Á¤È®¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç, Æò±Õ ¿ÀÂ÷ (RMS)´Â 1 ppmÀÌ´Ù. MS¿Í MS/MS °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ôÀº °¨µµ¿Í Áú·® Á¤È®µµ´Â Á¤È®ÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ¼­¿­ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ³ôÀº Áú·® ºÐÇØ´É, ³ôÀº Áú·® Á¤È®µµ ¹× ¿ì¼öÇÑ ETD È¿À²ÀÌ maXis°¡ top-down ´Ü¹éÁú ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ µµ±¸ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.

Figure 6a. Zoom of the entire ETD-MS/MS spectrum of intact Ubiquitin (MW 8565 Da). All observed fragment ions with charge states between +6 and +10 are clearly isotopically resolved. The comparison of the experimental signal at m/z 831 with the simulated isotope pattern of this fragment (top) shows that the instrument has a mass resolution of the fragments in the range of R = 40,000.

Figure 6b. Result of the Mascot database search on the ETD spectrum of intact Ubiquitin. The peak annotation within biotools (top) shows almost complete sequence coverage from the intact mass of 8565 Da down to ca. 200 Da. The Mascot score of 343 (middle) represents the highly confidential identification of Ubiquitin. The average mass error of all fragments is 1 ppm (bottom), i.e. the maXis shows similar mass accuracies for both MS and MS/MS spectra.

Figure 7aÀº ºÐÀÚ·® ¾à 80 kDaÀ» °¡Áö´Â ´ç´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ SerotransferrinÀ» maXis-ETD¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© intact ºÐ¼®À» ¼öÇàÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù. maXisÀÇ quadrupoleÀº m/z 2271¿¡¼­ +35 precursor ionÀ» isolation ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Product ionÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ¶óµðÄ®À̸ç, +4¿¡¼­ +13 »çÀÌÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ fragmentation ionÀ» Á¤È®È÷ ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Figure 7b´Â biotools software¿¡¼­ ETD MS/MS ½ºÆåÆ®·³ÀÇ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê ¼­¿­À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê A51°ú S117 »çÀÌÀÇ ¼­¿­ÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³À¸¸ç SerotransferrinÀº disulfide bond¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© »óÈ£ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. C48°ú C118ÀÇ ¼­¿­À» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ÀÌ´Â disulfide bond¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÇյǾî ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº Serotransferrin ³»ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÏÀüÇÑ Æ¯Â¡ ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇØ ´Ü¹éÁúÀº top-down¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í º» ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© maXis-ETD°¡ 50 - 100kDa ¹üÀ§ÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ top-down sequencingÀ» À§ÇÑ ÃÖÀûÈ­µÈ ÀåºñÀÓÀ» ÀÔÁõ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Figure 7a: Raw ETD-MS/MS spectrum of intact Serotransferrin (MW ca. 80 kDa). After isolation and fragmentation of the +35 charged ions at m/z 2271, multiple fragment ions appear in the m/z range 750 - 1750 with charge states of +4 to +13.

Figure 7b: Annotation of the amino acid sequence in Biotools after successful Mascot database search (top). A sequence tag in the mass range of 5000 - 13,000 Da is observed. Serotransferrin is highly protected by 19 disulfide bridges, represented by the red lines in the sequence (bottom). The observed tag is marked in yellow in the primary structure and is the only part which is not highly cross-linked: therefore it can be fragmented successfully.

Conclusion

Top-down sequencingÀº enzymatic digestionÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í intact proteinÀÇ È®ÀÎ ¹× Ư¡ ºÐ¼®À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ top-down Á¢±Ù¹ýÀº »ý¹° Ä¡·áÁ¦, MALDI Imaging ¶Ç´Â quantitative proteomics ¿¬±¸¿Í °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ Áú·® ºÐ¼® ±â¼ú·Î ãÀº biomarker ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ Æ÷°ýÀûÀΠƯ¡ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÌ´Ù.

maXis UHR-TOF LC-MS¿¡ °áÇÕ µÈ ETD´Â Ź¿ùÇÏ°í °íÀ¯ÇÑ ¼º´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ³ôÀº Áú·® ºÐÇØ´É, Áú·® Á¤È®µµ ¹× ³ôÀº ETD È¿À²À» ÅëÇØ »ý¹° Ä¡·áÁ¦, biomarker ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ µ¿Á¤µÈ ´Ü¹éÁú ¶Ç´Â ´Ü¹éÁú È¥ÇÕ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ top-down ºÐ¼®À» À§ÇÑ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ µµ±¸ÀÌ´Ù. Glycosylation patternÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ÃÖ´ë 172kDaÀÇ intact proteinÀ» Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô µ¿Á¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç 2 ppmÀÇ Áú·®Á¤È®µµ ³»¿¡¼­ µ¿Á¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½Å·Úµµ°¡ ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº ÀåºñÀ̸ç top-down proteomics¿¡ °¡Àå ÃÖÀûÈ­µÈ ÀåºñÀÌ´Ù.