
Purpose: Capillary Ion Chromatography(Cap IC)¿Í High-Resolution/Accurate-Mass(HRAM) MS¸¦ ¿¬µ¿Çؼ Untargeted Metabolomics Research Analysis¿Í Isobaric Metabolites¸¦ ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³Çϰí ÇÑ´Ù.
Methods: Thermo Scientific¢â Dionex¢â ICS-4000 Capillary IC System°ú ¿¬µ¿µÈ Thermo Scientific¢â Q Exactive¢â Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer·Î Cell Lysate °ËÃâ°ú Differential Analysis¸¦ Çß´Ù.
Results: Metabolites´Â S/N 3-20 ¹üÀ§¿¡¼ ÃÖÀú ³óµµ 60 ppt (0.2 to 3.4 fmol on Column)¸¦ °ËÃâÇß°í, LODs´Â 0.04~0.5 nmol/L ¹üÀ§·Î °ËÃâÇß´Ù. Anionic Polar Metabolites¸¦ ´«¿¡ ¶ç°Ô ºÐ¸®ÇÏ°í º¸´Ù ¿ì¼öÇÑ ºÐ¼®ÀûÀÎ °¨µµ¸¦ Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC)¿Í Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC)À¸·Î ºñ±³Çß´Ù.

Metabolomics Approach¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ±¸° ¾Ï(Oral Cancer) ¿¬±¸´Â ÃÖ±Ù ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸Àڵ鿡°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ °ü½ÉºÐ¾ß°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ º¸´Ù ¿ì¼öÇÑ ºÐ¼®ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ Cap IC¿Í Q Exactive MS¸¦ ¿¬µ¿ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» °³¹ßÇß°í, Cell Lysates·ÎºÎÅÍ Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Metastasis¿¡ Potential Metabolic Biomarkers ProfilingÀ» Àû¿ë½ÃÄ×´Ù. Cap IC´Â RPLC¿Í HILICº¸´Ù Anionic Polar Metabolites¸¦ ´«¿¡ ¶ç°Ô Àß ºÐ¸®Çß°í ¿ì¼öÇÑ ºÐ¼®ÀûÀÎ °¨µµµµ ÇÔ²² Á¦°øÇß´Ù. Differential Analysis´Â Energy Metabolism Pathways¿¡¼ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ º¯È¸¦ ã¾Æ³Â°í, Glycolysis Cycle°ú Tricarboxylic Acid CycleÀ» ±× ¿¹·Î µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Polar MetabolitesÀÇ º¸´Ù ³ôÀº ºÐ¸®´É°ú ºÐ¼®ÀûÀÎ °¨µµ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â Cap IC´Â Isobaric Metabolites¸¦ ½Äº°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â High-Resolution/Accurate-MassÀÎ Q Exactive¿Í ¿¬µ¿ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ º¸´Ù ½±°í Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô ÃøÁ¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

Sample Preparation
¼¼ °³ÀÇ OSCC Cell Lines, UMSCC1, UMSCC5, Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSC)Àº Wild-Type Controls¿¡ µû¶ó »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀÎ Áߺ¹½ÇÇèÀ» °è»êÇÏ¿© ÁغñÇß´Ù. Cellular Metabolites´Â Liquid Nitrogen Snap-Freezing Method¿Í ¹®Çå¿¡ µû¶ó Methanol/Water¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃßÃâÇß´Ù.
Ion Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography
Cap IC Analysis´Â Thermo Scientific¢â Dionex¢â IonPac¢â AS11HC-4¥ìm, 0.4 x 250 mm ColumnÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®Çß´Ù. IC À¯¼ÓÀº 25 ¥ìL/minÀ̰í, º¸Á¶ÀûÀ¸·Î Post-ColumnÀº Methanol /Acetic acid (2 mM)À» 10 ¥ìL/minÀ¸·Î Èê·È´Ù. 2 mM Potassium HydroxideÀ» Gradient ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î 13.5min¿¡ 12mM·Î ¿Ã¸° µÚ, 22.5min¿¡ 20mM°ú 31.5min¿¡ 70mM·Î Çß´Ù. 6minµ¿¾È 70mM·Î Èê·ÁÁØ µÚ, 0.1min¾È¿¡ 2mM·Î ³·Ãá µÚ 7.5min°£ Èê·Á Ä÷³À» Re-Equilibrate½ÃÄ×´Ù. HILICÀº À¯¼Ó 250 ¥ìL/minÀ¸·Î 150 x 2.1 mm, 5 ¥ìm SeQuant¢ç- ZIC¢ç-pHILIC ColumnÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. UHPLC´Â À¯¼Ó 450 ¥ìL/minÀ¸·Î Thermo Scientific¢â Hypersil GOLD¢â 150 x 2.1 mm, 1.9 ¥ìm ColumnÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù. LC´Â Thermo Scientific¢â Dionex¢â UltiMate¢â 3000 RSLC HPG SystemÀ» »ç¿ëÇß´Ù.
Mass Spectrometry
Q Exactive Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer´Â ESI Negative Mode¿¡¼ ¸ðµç µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °ËÃâÇß´Ù. Resolving Power 70,000 (at m/z 200), Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 1 x 106 Ions°ú Maximum Ion Injection Time (IT) 50ms Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ Full Mass Scan(m/z 67-1000)À» ½ÇÇàÇß´Ù. Data-Dependent MS/MS´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ¡°Top10¡± Data-Dependent Mode·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ȹµæÇß´Ù.
Parameters |
Value |
Resolving Power |
17,500 |
AGC |
1 x 105 Ions |
Maximum IT |
100ms |
Isolation Window |
1.5 amu |
Normalized Collision Energy |
35% ¡¾ 50% |
Underfill Ratio |
1.00% |
ÀÌ¿ÂÈ ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÆÄ¶ó¹ÌÅÍ´Â »óÀÌÇÑ À¯¼Ó¿¡ µû¶ó ÃÖÀûÈ ½ÃÄ×°í, Capillary Flow IC´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇß´Ù.
Parameters |
Value |
Spray Voltage |
(-)2.8 kV |
Transfer Capillary Temperature |
300 ¨¬C |
S-lens level |
50 |
Heater Temperature |
125 ¨¬C |
Sheath Gas |
26 |
Aux Gas |
2 |
º¸´Ù ³ôÀº À¯¼Ó¿¡¼ÀÇ LC´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Á¶°Ç¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇß´Ù.
Parameters |
Value |
Spray Voltage |
(-)3.2kV |
Transfer Capillary Temperature |
275 ¨¬C |
Sheath Gas |
45 |
Aux Gas |
5 |
Data Analysis
Differential Analysis´Â Thermo Scientific¢â SIEVE¢â Software Version 2.1À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù. Åë°èÇÐÀÇ °á°ú, Putative IDs¿Í Pathways´Â ChemSpider¢ç ¿Í KEGG¢â À» µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·Î ½ÇÇàÇß´Ù. °ü½É ÀÖ´Â Metabolites´Â MS/MS Mass Spectral Database MatchingÀ» °ÅÃÄ È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. Raw Data´Â ProteoWizard¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© mzXML·Î ÀüȯÇϰí XCMS Online°ú metaXCMSÀ¸·Î ºÐ¼®Çß´Ù.

±×¸² 1. Untargeted Metabolic ProfilingÀ» À§ÇÑ
Capillary IC-Q ExactiveÀÇ È¸·Îµµ 
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